Reference
How the calculators work
The assumptions behind the outdoor lighting, transformer, driveway, marking paint, event and photo checklist tools.
Path light spacing
The path spacing calculator starts from typical spacing bands: about 2.0m for low path lights, 2.6m for medium bollards and 3.2m for taller bollards. Curved paths, steps and public/shared use tighten the spacing because users need more frequent cues.
Transformer headroom
The transformer calculator multiplies light count by watts per fitting, then adds 25% headroom and rounds upward. It also flags long 12V runs because voltage drop can make the last fittings dim even when wattage looks adequate.
Driveway and car park estimates
Driveway risk combines surface edge, width, hazards and parking use. Car park line scope uses a rough bay-line allowance plus extra route or special-bay markings. These are planning estimates, not layout drawings.
Paint estimate
The paint calculator turns line length and width into area, then applies coats and a surface factor. Smooth sealed surfaces use the lowest allowance; rough tarmac, worn concrete and grass need more.
What the tools do not do
They do not replace electrical design, safety inspection, site survey, manufacturer instructions or local rules. Use them to decide what to measure and discuss before buying or installing.